Hysterosalpingo-Foam Sonography, Less Painful and More Instructive as Compared with Hysterosalpingography: A Prospective Study

Subfertility is a disease of the reproductive system and defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse [1]. Subfertility is a distressing condition for couples who are trying to achieve pregnancy and childbirth. Approximately 15% of couples are affected with subfertility, of which up to 20% remain unexplained. Female factors are identified in about 50% of couples [2]. The pelvic causes of female subfertility are varied and range from tubal and peri-tubal abnormalities to uterine, cervical, and ovarian disorders [2,3]. Tube abnormalities account for up to 40% of female subfertility [3,4]. Assessment of tubal patency is one of the first steps in infertility workup [5]. Various tests nowadays are available for the purpose of patency test; of these tests are hysterosalpingography (HSG), Salpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy with dye hydrotubation test and HysterosalpingoContrast Sonography (HyCoSy) [6]. HSG is the most common first-line and widely available diagnostic test [5-7]. Although HSG assesses tubal status and provides an image of the outline of the uterine cavity, the intracavitary abnormalities are not visualized clearly due to the opacity of the dye used for the procedure [810]. Besides, the other main disadvantages are patients’ exposure to ionizing radiation that is significantly greater than that of a usual chest X-ray, the unpleasant pain experienced during the procedure and the risk of pelvic infection (1-3%) [7]. Moreover, laparoscopy with a dye test combined with hysteroscopy is Volume 6 Issue 6 2017